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          The Arab contribution is fundamental to the history of science, mathematics 
          and technology, but until now no single publication has offered an up-to-date 
          synthesis of knowledge in this area. In three fully-illustrated volumes 
          the "Encyclopedia of the History of Arab" "Science" 
          documents the history and philosophy of Arab science from the earliest 
          times to the present day. Thirty-one chapters, written by an international 
          team of specialists, cover astronomy, mathematics, music, engineering, 
          nautical science, scientific institutions and many other areas. The 
          "Encyclopedia" is divided into three volumes:  1. Astronomy--Theoretical and applied
 2. Mathematics and the Physical Sciences
 3. Technology, Alchemy, and the Life Sciences.
 Chapters:Arabic astronomy, Arabic planetary theory, Arabic nautical science,
 Arabic mathematics, Arabic musical science, Arabic optics,
 Arabic science in Andalusia, ....
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 Indeed 
          this is a farce. My humble article below discusses this: Pan-Arabism's 
          Legacy of Confrontation with Iranhttp://kavad.netfirms.com/articles/pan_arabism.html
 Below 
          is piece of that article...===============================================================================
 Of 
          far greater significance is the following quote that vividly describes 
          Sami Shawkats thinking (see again Samir El-Khalils Republic 
          of Fear, New York : Pantheon Books, 1989, p.177):History books that discredit the Arabs should be burned, not excepting 
          the greatest work on the philosophy of history by Ibn Khaldun. But why 
          Ibn-Khaldun? As a historian, Khaldun (1332-1406 AD) is ranked among 
          the best in history, on par with the earlier Greco-Roman historians 
          such as Plutarch or Xenophon; truly one of the most best scholars produced 
          by the Arabs. To understand why pan-Arabists feel uncomfortable with 
          Ibn Khaldun, one has to read a direct quote from his work, The Muqaddimah 
          Translated by F. Rosenthal (III, pp. 311-15, 271-4 [Arabic]; R.N. Frye 
          (p.91):
 ...It is a remarkable fact that, with few exceptions, most Muslim scholars 
          ... in the intellectual sciences have been non-Arabs ... thus the founders 
          of grammar were Sibawaih and after him, al-Farisi and Az-Zajjaj. All 
          of them were of Persian descent ... they invented rules of (Arabic) 
          grammar ... great jurists were Persians ... only the Persians engaged 
          in the task of preserving knowledge and writing systematic scholarly 
          works. Thus the truth of the statement of the propher becomes apparent, 
          If learning were suspended in the highest parts of heaven the 
          Persians would attain it" ... The intellectual sciences were also 
          the preserve of the Persians, left alone by the Arabs, who did not cultivate 
          them ... as was the case with all crafts ... This situation continued 
          in the cities as long as the Persians and Persian countries, Iraq, Khorasan 
          and Transoxiana (modern Central Asia), retained their sedentary culture.
 You now see why Mr. Shawkat saw the need to destroy the history of Ibn 
          Khaldun. Arab chauvinists from Gamal Abdel Nasser to todays Bin 
          laden have chosen to pretend that that the Persian intellectual legacy 
          does not exist. It is not an exaggeration to state that Arab nationalists 
          have re-written much of Arab history, especially as it pertains to Persian 
          contributions to Islamic and Arabian civilization. The following observation 
          by Sir Richard Nelson Frye encapsulates the crisis in Arab attitudes 
          towards the Iranians (See R.N. Frye, The Golden Age of Persia, London: 
          Butler & Tanner Ltd., 1989, p.236):
 Arabs no longer understand the role of Iran and the Persian language 
          in the formation of Islamic culture. Perhaps they wish to forget the 
          past, but in so doing they remove the bases of their own spiritual, 
          moral and cultural being ... without the heritage of the past and a 
          healthy respect for it ... there is little chance for stability and 
          proper growth. It may be argued that one source of the political, economic 
          and technological stagnation so evident in the Arab world at present 
          may stem from what has been taught (and continues to be taught) to Arabs 
          at primary, secondary and post-secondary education.
 It should come as no surprise that many Arabs (including high ranking 
          statesmen and highly educated professors) now believe that the following 
          Iranian scholars of the Islamic era to be all Arabs...Not a single one 
          of these scientists (e.g. Khwarazmi, Razi, etc) hailed from an Arab-speaking 
          region, all were born in what is now Iran or the former realms of Persian 
          speaking world. ===========================================================================
 What 
          we seen in the google posting is directly out of the pages of pan-Arabism... History 
          has the case firmly closed. Ibn Khaldun and others have already set 
          the (historical) record straight... RegardsKaveh Farrokh
 
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