The Arab contribution is fundamental to the history of science, mathematics
and technology, but until now no single publication has offered an up-to-date
synthesis of knowledge in this area. In three fully-illustrated volumes
the "Encyclopedia of the History of Arab" "Science"
documents the history and philosophy of Arab science from the earliest
times to the present day. Thirty-one chapters, written by an international
team of specialists, cover astronomy, mathematics, music, engineering,
nautical science, scientific institutions and many other areas. The
"Encyclopedia" is divided into three volumes:
1. Astronomy--Theoretical and applied
2. Mathematics and the Physical Sciences
3. Technology, Alchemy, and the Life Sciences.
Chapters:
Arabic astronomy, Arabic planetary theory, Arabic nautical science,
Arabic mathematics, Arabic musical science, Arabic optics,
Arabic science in Andalusia, ....
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Indeed
this is a farce. My humble article below discusses this:
Pan-Arabism's
Legacy of Confrontation with Iran
http://kavad.netfirms.com/articles/pan_arabism.html
Below
is piece of that article...
===============================================================================
Of
far greater significance is the following quote that vividly describes
Sami Shawkats thinking (see again Samir El-Khalils Republic
of Fear, New York : Pantheon Books, 1989, p.177):
History books that discredit the Arabs should be burned, not excepting
the greatest work on the philosophy of history by Ibn Khaldun. But why
Ibn-Khaldun? As a historian, Khaldun (1332-1406 AD) is ranked among
the best in history, on par with the earlier Greco-Roman historians
such as Plutarch or Xenophon; truly one of the most best scholars produced
by the Arabs. To understand why pan-Arabists feel uncomfortable with
Ibn Khaldun, one has to read a direct quote from his work, The Muqaddimah
Translated by F. Rosenthal (III, pp. 311-15, 271-4 [Arabic]; R.N. Frye
(p.91):
...It is a remarkable fact that, with few exceptions, most Muslim scholars
... in the intellectual sciences have been non-Arabs ... thus the founders
of grammar were Sibawaih and after him, al-Farisi and Az-Zajjaj. All
of them were of Persian descent ... they invented rules of (Arabic)
grammar ... great jurists were Persians ... only the Persians engaged
in the task of preserving knowledge and writing systematic scholarly
works. Thus the truth of the statement of the propher becomes apparent,
If learning were suspended in the highest parts of heaven the
Persians would attain it" ... The intellectual sciences were also
the preserve of the Persians, left alone by the Arabs, who did not cultivate
them ... as was the case with all crafts ... This situation continued
in the cities as long as the Persians and Persian countries, Iraq, Khorasan
and Transoxiana (modern Central Asia), retained their sedentary culture.
You now see why Mr. Shawkat saw the need to destroy the history of Ibn
Khaldun. Arab chauvinists from Gamal Abdel Nasser to todays Bin
laden have chosen to pretend that that the Persian intellectual legacy
does not exist. It is not an exaggeration to state that Arab nationalists
have re-written much of Arab history, especially as it pertains to Persian
contributions to Islamic and Arabian civilization. The following observation
by Sir Richard Nelson Frye encapsulates the crisis in Arab attitudes
towards the Iranians (See R.N. Frye, The Golden Age of Persia, London:
Butler & Tanner Ltd., 1989, p.236):
Arabs no longer understand the role of Iran and the Persian language
in the formation of Islamic culture. Perhaps they wish to forget the
past, but in so doing they remove the bases of their own spiritual,
moral and cultural being ... without the heritage of the past and a
healthy respect for it ... there is little chance for stability and
proper growth. It may be argued that one source of the political, economic
and technological stagnation so evident in the Arab world at present
may stem from what has been taught (and continues to be taught) to Arabs
at primary, secondary and post-secondary education.
It should come as no surprise that many Arabs (including high ranking
statesmen and highly educated professors) now believe that the following
Iranian scholars of the Islamic era to be all Arabs...Not a single one
of these scientists (e.g. Khwarazmi, Razi, etc) hailed from an Arab-speaking
region, all were born in what is now Iran or the former realms of Persian
speaking world. ===========================================================================
What
we seen in the google posting is directly out of the pages of pan-Arabism...
History
has the case firmly closed. Ibn Khaldun and others have already set
the (historical) record straight...
Regards
Kaveh Farrokh
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